Le Master LOGOS est un master transdisciplinaire de l’Université Paris Cité qui couvre l’ensemble des sciences du langage, tous les aspects du langage et de son étude.

Les cours offerts dans le cadre de cette formation relèvent de quatre disciplines-sources : la linguistique, la philosophie, la logique et l’informatique. Ils sont presque tous extraits de quatre programmes de master de l’Université Paris Cité :

• le Master Sciences du langage, parcours « Linguistique Informatique »
• le Master Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences
• le Master (M1) Mathématiques et Informatique.
• le Master (M2) Logique Mathématique et Fondements de l’Informatique.

Le Master Logos est ouvert à des étudiants d’horizons variés, ayant suivi (par exemple, mais pas nécessairement) une formation dans l’une des quatre disciplines-sources. Il vise à leur apporter :

• un ensemble complet de compétences formelles requises par les différentes analyses possibles du langage ;
• une connaissance globale de tous les environnements théoriques au sein desquels ces analyses prennent place ;
• une compréhension des enjeux conceptuels impliqués par l’étude et la représentation du langage.

NEWS

Workshop Logos

Université Paris Cité

Vendredi 14 février 2025, 9h30-16h30

En présentiel : Bât. Olympe de Gouges (8 place Paul Ricoeur, 75013 Paris), Salle 628

Et sur Zoom : voir lien ci-dessous.

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PROGRAMME

Matinée

9h30-10h30

Benoît Crabbé, « Structural and compositional generalizations in Large Language Models » 

The transformer family of language models has contributed to renewing the field of natural language processing, particularly in terms of applied problems. 

Can these models contribute to renewing our knowledge of language structure?

We provide a brief introduction to neural language model and we will describe some experiments that seek to demonstrate the ability of neural models to abstract structural generalizations on the case of gender and number agreement in French. Secondly, we illustrate some very marked limitations of these same models on cases of structural generalization and we discuss prospects for proposing alternative generalization methods.

10h30-11h30 – Brice Halimi, « Context-dependence and descent theory »

The phenomenon of context-dependence covers all the cases in natural language where the semantic content of an expression depends on the context of its utterance. The explicit context-dependence of indexicals (such as « I » or « here ») is a basic illustration of that phenomenon. Context-dependence is supposed to elude any formal representation (this diagnosis defines « contextualism »), unless it is modeled on indexical context-dependence (« indexicalism »), or reduced to it (« minimalism »). In my talk, I will argue that these logico-philosophical stances are based on too narrow a picture of what a formal representation can be; that context-dependence, once it is approached as a radically dynamic process based on context-shift, is amenable to a formal representation; but that new mathematical concepts, belonging to Grothendieck’s descent theory, have to be called upon to that end. I will argue that that perspective helps to better understand linguistic meaning: not as an abstraction (from particular cases), but rather as an amalgamation (of local uses).

11h30-11h45 : pause

11h45-12h45

Boban Velickovic, « Logic and Games »

We show that basic logical concepts such as truth, consistency and elementary equivalence can all be characterised in terms of games, namely the so-called evaluation game, the model-existence game, and the Ehrenfeucht-Fraïsse game. These games are highly related and represent something that can be called the strategic balance in logic. In particular, one can give explicit translations of winning strategies from one game to another.

Après-midi

14h-15h

Jonathan Ginzburg, « Conversational context for human cognition »

In this talk I will consider the evolution of the notion of context in formal semantics of spoken language intended to model multimodal conversation. I will briefly sketch one formalism inspired by Constructive Type Theory and Situation Semantics which can provide a suitable foundation, which has also been used in the design of dialogue systems. I will then argue (against inter alia Frege and Fodor) that if we are interested in modelling *human* cognition we need to combine such an approach with one that is neurally grounded and will point to vector symbolic architectures as a means to do so.

15h-16h

Michel de Rougemont, « Algorithms and Games » 

We survey some Algorithmic problems for Games. We first consider Games used for the Elementary equivalence in Logic, and show the link between definability and algorithmic complexity.  Classical Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games  can be extended to AJtai-Fagin games with the probabilistic method in this context.

We then consider non-cooperative games where players make independent decisions and get a reward based on the decisions of the other players. In this case, Nash equilibria are hard to compute but can be approximated in some cases. These results lead to the study of algorithms which work well for inputs of certain classes but not for worst-case inputs.

Large Language Models (LLMs) are new computational models which capture specific distributions of the inputs and provide good heuristics for many tasks. The distributions on the inputs are defined by the parameters of the Attention matrices (Q,K,V) and by the coefficients of the MLP (Multi Layer Perseptron) when we give them a large set of inputs, typically all the written Web. Suppose we feed an LLM with the runs of a strategic game (Checkers, Chess, Go), in a classical notation  e5,f2,g3,…… which indicates each move of the players. Given a prefix of a game, we can sample the next token and obtain a strategy for one player of the game.  We discuss how good these strategies can be and the concepts of emergent skills.

16h-16h30

Q/A

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Lien zoom

Sujet: Workshop « Logos » 

Heure: 14 févr. 2025 09:30 AM Paris

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